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Diamond, a potential fourth-generation "ultimate semiconductor," is gaining attention in semiconductor substrates due to its exceptional hardness, thermal conductivity, and electrical properties. While its high cost and production challenges limit its use, CVD is the preferred method. Despite doping and large-area crystal challenges, diamond holds promise.

SiC and GaN are wide bandgap semiconductors with advantages over silicon, such as higher breakdown voltages, faster switching speeds, and superior efficiency. SiC is better for high-voltage, high-power applications due to its higher thermal conductivity, while GaN excels in high-frequency applications thanks to its superior electron mobility.

Electron beam evaporation is a highly efficient and widely used coating method compared to resistance heating, which heats the evaporation material with an electron beam, causing it to vaporize and condense into a thin film.

Vacuum coating includes film material vaporization, vacuum transportation and thin film growth. According to the different film material vaporization methods and transportation processes, vacuum coating can be divided into two categories: PVD and CVD.